Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) has been detected in several states, including TX, NM, KS, NC, ID, SD, OH, MI, and CO. The outbreak has affected both poultry and dairy herds. 

Avian influenza has been detected in 52 dairy herds out of approximately 26,000 herds in the U.S. Dairy farmers are advised to monitor their cattle closely for signs of illness, such as a decline in milk production, and to separate sick animals immediately. Milk from infected cows should be discarded. 

While avian influenza primarily affects birds, there have been two confirmed cases of human infection, one in Texas and one in Michigan. They are both conjunctivitis cases, the nasal swab was negative. However, the risk to the public is currently considered low, and there have been no significant changes observed in the virus that would make it more transmissible to humans. 

The FDA recommends that milk from exposed, asymptomatic cattle should only be used for pasteurized milk and milk products. Pasteurization effectively inactivates bacteria and viruses, including avian influenza viruses, making pasteurized cheese safe for consumption. 

The FDA does not currently have concerns about the safety and availability of pasteurized milk products, including pasteurized cheese, sold nationwide. Consumers can continue to purchase and consume pasteurized cheese with confidence, as pasteurization effectively eliminates pathogens such as avian influenza viruses. 

The FDA recommends testing for HPAI viruses in pooled milk before resuming commerce in unpasteurized dairy products following apparent resolution of illnesses on the premises. This precaution helps to minimize the risk of contamination and ensures the safety of dairy products for consumers. 

Dairy farmers should continue to implement biosecurity measures on their farms to prevent the introduction and spread of avian influenza. Cheesemakers should source milk from reputable suppliers and continue conducting regular testing to ensure the safety of their products. 

Yes, researchers are continually studying the impact of avian influenza on dairy cows and dairy products to better understand the disease and develop strategies to mitigate its spread. This research helps to inform recommendations for dairy farmers and cheesemakers to ensure the safety of dairy products for consumers.